New emerging targets in osteosarcoma therapy: PTEN and PI3K/Akt crosstalk in carcinogenesis

Pathol Res Pract. 2023 Nov:251:154902. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154902. Epub 2023 Oct 21.

Abstract

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone carcinoma that affects people in childhood and adulthood. The heterogeneous nature and chromosomal instability represent certain characteristics of OS cells. These cancer cells grow and migrate abnormally, making the prognosis undesirable for patients. Conventional and current treatments fail to completely eradicate tumor cells, so new therapeutics targeting genes may be considered. PI3K/Akt is a regulator of events such as growth, cell death, migration, and differentiation, and its expression changes during cancer progression. PTEN reduces PI3K/Akt expression, and its mutations and depletions have been reported in various tumors. Experimental evidence shows that there is upregulation of PI3K/Akt and downregulation of PTEN in OS. Increasing PTEN expression may suppress PI3K/Akt to minimize tumorigenesis. In addition, PI3K/Akt shows a positive association with growth, metastasis, EMT and metabolism of OS cells and inhibits apoptosis. Importantly, overexpression of PI3K/Akt causes drug resistance and radio-resistance and its level can be modulated by miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs. Silencing PI3K/Akt by compounds and drugs can suppress OS. Here, we review in detail the function of the PTEN/PI3K/Akt in OS, revealing its biological function, function in tumor progression, resistance to therapy, and pharmacological significance.

Keywords: Gene therapy; Non-coding RNAs; Osteosarcoma; PI3K/Akt; PTEN; Resistant.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Bone Neoplasms* / drug therapy
  • Bone Neoplasms* / genetics
  • Bone Neoplasms* / metabolism
  • Carcinogenesis
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / genetics
  • Humans
  • Osteosarcoma* / genetics
  • PTEN Phosphohydrolase / genetics
  • PTEN Phosphohydrolase / metabolism
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction

Substances

  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
  • PTEN Phosphohydrolase
  • PTEN protein, human