Individualized treatment of motor stroke: A perspective on open-loop, closed-loop and adaptive closed-loop brain state-dependent TMS

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Neurology and Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany.
• ² Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
• ³ Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland; BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki, Aalto University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
• ⁴ Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland; HUS Diagnostic Center, Clinical Neurophysiology, Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
• ⁵ Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
• ⁶ Department of Neurology and Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany. Electronic address: ulf.ziemann@uni-tuebingen.de.