In-depth molecular analysis of lymphomas with lymphoplasmacytic differentiation may provide more precise diagnosis and rational treatment allocation

Ann Hematol. 2024 Feb;103(2):553-563. doi: 10.1007/s00277-023-05531-9. Epub 2023 Nov 11.

Abstract

We performed a molecular analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded and decalcified bone marrow trephine biopsies of 41 patients with a B-cell disorder with lymphoplasmacytic differentiation to enable a more precise diagnosis and to describe potentially prognostic and therapeutic relevant mutations. Analysis was performed with a commercially available next-generation sequencing (NGS) lymphoma panel (Lymphoma Solution, SophiaGenetics). Results were correlated with clinical and pathological parameters. Our group covered a spectrum of B-cell disorders with plasmacytic differentiation ranging from Waldenstroem's macroglobulinemia (WM), to small-B-cell lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation (SBCL-PC) to IgM myeloma (MM). The most helpful diagnostic criteria included morphology and immuno-phenotype as a prerequisite for the interpretation of molecular analysis. MYD88 mutation was present in nearly all WM, but also in 50% of SBCL-PCs, while MM were consistently negative. Driver mutations, such as TP53, were already detectable early in the course of the respective diseases indicating a higher risk of progression, transformation, and reduced progression-free survival. In addition, we report on a novel BIRC3 frameshift mutation in one case of a progressive WM. Our data indicate that patients with LPL/WM might benefit from thorough pathological work-up and detailed molecular analysis in terms of precise diagnosis and targeted treatment allocation.

Keywords: Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma; Mutations; Next-generation sequencing; Small B-cell lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation; Waldenstroem’s macroglobulinemia.

MeSH terms

  • Bone Marrow / pathology
  • Humans
  • Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell* / pathology
  • Lymphoma* / pathology
  • Mutation
  • Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / genetics
  • Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia* / diagnosis
  • Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia* / drug therapy
  • Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia* / genetics

Substances

  • Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88