Changes in Neck and Shoulder Muscles Fatigue Threshold When Using a Passive Head/Neck Supporting Exoskeleton During Repetitive Overhead Tasks

Ehsan Garosi; Zeinab Kazemi; Adel Mazloumi; Ahmadreza Keihani

doi:10.1177/00187208231213728

Changes in Neck and Shoulder Muscles Fatigue Threshold When Using a Passive Head/Neck Supporting Exoskeleton During Repetitive Overhead Tasks

Hum Factors. 2023 Nov 13:187208231213728. doi: 10.1177/00187208231213728. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Ehsan Garosi¹, Zeinab Kazemi², Adel Mazloumi³, Ahmadreza Keihani⁴

Affiliations

¹ Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
² Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
³ Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁴ University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

PMID: 37955578
DOI: 10.1177/00187208231213728

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a head/neck supporting exoskeleton (HNSE) on the electromyographic fatigue threshold (EMG_FT) of the neck and shoulder muscles during a simulated overhead work task.

Background: Overhead work is a well-known risk factor for neck and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders due to the excessive strain imposed on the muscles and joints in these regions.

Method: Fourteen healthy males performed a repetitive overhead nut fastening/unfastening task to exhaustion while wearing and not wearing the HNSE at two neck extension angles (40% and 80% of neck maximum range of motion). Electromyographic signals were continuously recorded from the right and left sternocleidomastoid (SCMR, SCML), splenius capitis (SCR, SCL), upper trapezius (UTR, UTL), and anterior deltoid (ADR, ADL) muscles. The normalized electromyographic amplitude (nEMG) data was time normalized, and a bisegmental linear regression was applied to determine the muscle fatigue break point.

Results: The results showed a significant increase in fatigue threshold time in the SCMR (p < .001), SCML (p = .002), and UTR (p = .037) muscles when the HNSE was used. However, the EMG_FT times for the right and left deltoid and left trapezius muscles showed a nonsignificant reduction due to the head/neck support exoskeleton use. In addition, the neck extension angle did not reveal a significant effect on muscles' EMG_FT time.

Conclusion: Overall, the findings confirmed a significant delay in fatigue onset in sternocleidomastoid muscles, as measured by the electromyographic fatigue threshold. This finding suggests that the HNSE can be an effective ergonomic intervention for reducing the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in overhead workers. However, further studies are needed to investigate the effect of the HNSE at other neck extension angles and more realistic tasks to ensure the generalizability of our results.

Application: The present findings emphasize the application of the fatigue onset time to evaluate the effectiveness of ergonomic interventions, including exoskeletons, which can subsequently be utilized to alleviate postural demands and reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders.

Keywords: electromyography; exoskeleton; muscle fatigue; musculoskeletal disorders; wearable devices.