We report 4 cases of human African trypanosomiasis that occurred in Ethiopia in 2022, thirty years after the last previously reported case in the country. Two of 4 patients died before medicine became available. We identified the infecting parasite as Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Those cases imply human African trypanosomiasis has reemerged.
Keywords: Ethiopia; Trypanosoma brucei; animal reservoirs; human African trypanosomiasis; neurologic illnesses; parasites; tsetse flies; vector-borne infections.