Helicobacter pylori Infection Status and Gastric Tumor Incidence According to the Year of Birth

Gut Liver. 2024 May 15;18(3):457-464. doi: 10.5009/gnl230211. Epub 2023 Nov 29.

Abstract

Background/aims: : The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori-naive status is increasing. Nonetheless, biennial gastroscopy is recommended for all Koreans aged 40 to 75 years. This study aimed to determine whether gastric cancer screening guidelines could be changed according to H. pylori infection status and year of birth.

Methods: : Koreans who underwent serum assays and gastroscopy for gastric cancer screening between 2010 and 2016 were included if screening tests were followed up for ≥3 times. H. pylori infection was confirmed when invasive tests or 13C-urea breath tests were positive. In the case of negative test findings, eradication history, serologically detected atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia/atrophy were checked for past infection. If all were absent, H. pylori-naive status was confirmed.

Results: : Two-thousand and two (256 H. pylori-naive, 743 past-infected, and 1,003 infected) Koreans underwent screening tests for 95.5±28.4 months. The mean year of birth in the naive group (1969±7) differed from those of the past-infected (1957±10, p<0.001) and infected (1958±10, p<0.001) groups. H. pylori-naive status was correlated with recent year of birth (r=0.368, p<0.001). No gastric tumors were observed among the naive participants (p=0.007), whereas 23 adenomas, 18 adenocarcinomas, and two neuroendocrine tumors were detected in 1.9% (14/743) of past-infected and 2.5% (25/1,003) of infected participants, including four infected participants with metachronous tumors.

Conclusions: : The prevalence of H. pylori-naive status is increasing in young Koreans, and gastric tumors are rare in this population. Hence, biennial gastroscopy could be waived after the confirmation of naive status.

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; Screening; Stomach neoplasms.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Early Detection of Cancer / methods
  • Early Detection of Cancer / statistics & numerical data
  • Female
  • Gastroscopy* / statistics & numerical data
  • Helicobacter Infections* / complications
  • Helicobacter Infections* / epidemiology
  • Helicobacter pylori*
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prevalence
  • Republic of Korea / epidemiology
  • Stomach Neoplasms* / epidemiology
  • Stomach Neoplasms* / microbiology