Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhage Concurrent With Subarachnoid and Subdural Hemorrhages: Report of a Rare Case

Abstract

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) is a rare occurrence in the temporal lobe, and its coexistence with other intracranial bleeding types such as subdural hemorrhage (SDH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is infrequently documented. Typically, SICH is managed conservatively without surgical intervention. In this case report, we present an unusual case of SICH in the temporal lobe, characterized by bleeding extending beyond the brain parenchyma into the subarachnoid and subdural spaces. Our approach involved tubular hematoma evacuation (surgical approach). Literature reports propose the coexistence of SICH, SAH, and SDH, particularly when there is bleeding through the cortical surface that extends into the subdural space. The decision to surgically remove a hematoma in supratentorial ICH remains a subject of debate, as the risks associated with the procedure may outweigh potential benefits in many cases. Surgical intervention is typically reserved for patients with supratentorial ICH causing life-threatening mass effect, with treatment plans tailored based on prognosis assessments with and without surgical intervention. In our patient, craniotomy with tubular evacuation of the hematoma proved effective in alleviating symptoms and preventing life-threatening herniation complications.

Keywords: hypertensive vasculopathy; intracerebral hemorrhage; spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage; subarachnoid hemmorhage; subdural hemorrhage.