Assessment of Photosensitizer Concentration Effects on the Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy

Reza Vafaee; Babak Arjmand; Maryam Hamzeloo-Moghadam; Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani; Zahra Razzaghi; Reza M Robati; Mitra Rezaei; Fatemeh Montazer

doi:10.34172/jlms.2023.53

Assessment of Photosensitizer Concentration Effects on the Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy

J Lasers Med Sci. 2023 Nov 8:14:e53. doi: 10.34172/jlms.2023.53. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Reza Vafaee¹, Babak Arjmand², Maryam Hamzeloo-Moghadam³, Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani⁴, Zahra Razzaghi¹, Reza M Robati⁵, Mitra Rezaei^{6

7}, Fatemeh Montazer⁸

Affiliations

¹ Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
² Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
³ Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, School of Traditional Medicine Shahid, Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁴ Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁵ Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁶ Genomic Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁷ Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center. National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁸ Department of Pathology, Firoozabadi Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an attractive approach in medicine. Due to its noninvasive nature and low side effects, PDT has been developed quickly. In the present study, the gene expression profiles of the human cell line that was treated via PDT in the sub-lethal concentration (LC50) and super-lethal concentration (LC90) of a photosensitizer (PS) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were extracted and the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were investigated. Methods: The gene expression profiles of the treated cells were compared with a control, and the common DEGs were determined. The common DEGs were assessed via protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, and gene ontology enrichment was evaluated. The related biological terms for the common genes were identified. Results: Ninety-four common DEGs were selected to be analyzed. It appeared that the activation and increment of gene expression were prominent processes. Jun, Dusp1, Atf4, and Atf3 as four critical genes were highlighted. "Chromosomal and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer" was identified as the main class of biological terms related to the assessed DEGs. Conclusion: The major molecular events which happened in both analyses indicated that PDT, independent from the concentration of PS, induced gross molecular changes such as the upregulation of Jun and Dusp1.

Keywords: Gene expression change; Gene ontology; Network analysis; Pathway analysis; Photodynamic therapy.