Risk of Gastric Cancer is Highly Dependent on Type of First-Degree Family Member Affected by Cancer: Lessons from a High-Risk Population in Iran

Esmat Abdi; Saeid Latifi-Navid; Saber Zahri; Behdad Mostafaiy; Abbas Yazdanbod; Farhad Pourfarzi

doi:10.18502/ijph.v52i9.13582

Risk of Gastric Cancer is Highly Dependent on Type of First-Degree Family Member Affected by Cancer: Lessons from a High-Risk Population in Iran

Iran J Public Health. 2023 Sep;52(9):2004-2013. doi: 10.18502/ijph.v52i9.13582.

Authors

Esmat Abdi¹, Saeid Latifi-Navid¹, Saber Zahri¹, Behdad Mostafaiy², Abbas Yazdanbod³, Farhad Pourfarzi³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
² Department of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
³ Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.

Abstract

Background: Family history of gastric cancer (GC) in first-degree relatives may increase the risk of GC. This study aimed to assess how family history of GC in first-degree relatives really affects the risk of GC in an extremely high-risk population.

Methods: A large population-based case-control study was carried out on 1222 incident GC cases and 1235 controls in Ardabil Province-a high-risk area in North-West Iran-to assess the associations of GC family history in first-degree relatives with the risk of GC (2003-2017).

Results: GC family history did not significantly associate with the risk of GC overall (OR_adj=1.09, 95% CI: 0.80-1.47, P=0.589). It found no significant association of GC family history in a parent, and in a father, mother, and sister separately, with the risk of GC. However, GC risk was significantly associated with a history of GC in a sibling (OR_adj=1.61, 95% CI: 1.11-2.35, P=0.013), especially brother (OR_adj=2.24, 95% CI: 1.41-3.64, P=0.0008). The risk was greatly increased in subjects with two or more affected brothers (OR_adj =5.56, 95% CI: 2.33-14.20, P=0.0002).

Conclusion: We did not find a familial tendency to cardia GC and non-cardia GC as well as histopathologic features. Determining the type of first-degree relationships with GC may, therefore, be more important than assessing family history alone for predicting the risk of GC in this high-risk area.

Keywords: Family history; First-degree relatives; Gastric cancer; High-risk area; Iran.