The effect of subsequent pregnancy and childbirth on stress urinary incontinence recurrence following midurethral sling procedure: a meta-analysis

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to assess the risk of stress urinary incontinence recurrence and reoperation after a midurethral sling procedure in women with subsequent childbirth and to assess the effect of delivery mode on this risk.

Data sources: An electronic database search was performed using MEDLINE with the OvidSP interface and PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to September 20, 2023.

Study eligibility criteria: This study included experimental and nonexperimental studies, composed of randomized controlled and observational (case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional) studies assessing the risk factors for stress urinary incontinence recurrence and reoperation after childbirth in women who had previously undergone a midurethral sling procedure for stress urinary incontinence.

Methods: Analysis was performed using RevMan (version 5.3; Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, United Kingdom). Quantitative synthesis was used if the included studies were sufficient in numbers and homogeneity. The overall certainty of the evidence was assessed using criteria recommended by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group.

Results: A total of 2001 studies were identified, of which 6 were eligible for analysis, composed of 381 patients who had at least 1 childbirth after a midurethral sling procedure (study group) and 860 patients who underwent a midurethral sling without having a subsequent childbirth (control group). All included studies were observational, the patients' mean age at the time of the midurethral sling procedure ranged from 34 to 36 years, and the mean time from midurethral sling procedure to delivery ranged from 21 to 31 months. No difference in stress urinary incontinence recurrence (relative risk, 0.1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.78-1.33) or reoperation (relative risk, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.87-2.17) was found between the study and control groups. The average follow-up time among the included studies of this comparison was 9.8 years (range, 2-18). Furthermore, the mode of delivery (vaginal vs cesarean) did not seem to affect the risk of stress urinary incontinence recurrence.

Conclusion: Subsequent pregnancy and childbirth did not increase the risk of stress urinary incontinence recurrence or reoperation after a midurethral sling procedure.

Keywords: childbirth; delivery; midurethral sling; pregnancy; recurrence; reoperation; tension-free vaginal tape.