How carvedilol does not activate β₂-adrenoceptors

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. lefko001@receptor-biol.duke.edu.
• ² Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. lefko001@receptor-biol.duke.edu.
• ³ Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. lefko001@receptor-biol.duke.edu.
• ⁴ Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. h.rockman@duke.edu.
• ⁵ Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
• ⁶ Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
• ⁷ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
• ⁸ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
• ⁹ Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
• ¹⁰ Research & Development, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
• ¹¹ Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
• ¹² Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
• ¹³ Imperial College, London, UK.