Naphthalene derived Schiff base as a reversible fluorogenic chemosensor for aluminium ions detection

T Johny Dathees; S Prince Makarios Paul; Anandhavelu Sanmugam; A Abiram; S Murugan; Raju Suresh Kumar; Abdulrahman I Almansour; Natrajan Arumugam; R Nandhakumar; Dhanasekaran Vikraman

doi:10.1016/j.saa.2023.123732

Naphthalene derived Schiff base as a reversible fluorogenic chemosensor for aluminium ions detection

Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2024 Mar 5:308:123732. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123732. Epub 2023 Dec 3.

Affiliations

¹ Fluorensic Materials Laboratory, Department of Physical Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641 114, India.
² Department of Physical Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641 114, India.
³ Department of Applied Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumpudur 602 117, India.
⁴ Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641 114, India.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Fluorensic Materials Laboratory, Department of Physical Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641 114, India. Electronic address: nandhakumar@karunya.edu.
⁷ Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: v.j.dhanasekaran@gmail.com.

PMID: 38064962
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123732

Abstract

Schiff base (HNPD) was achieved by reacting 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with N-phenyl-o-phenylenediamine in enthanol medium. The spectroscopic analyses were done to establish the formation of Schiff base apparently. Further, synthesized Schiff base conjugate was successfully used as a fluorogenic chemosensor to detect aluminium ions (Al³⁺) with high fluorescence amplification among the other interfering various metal ions. The limit of detection of 0.0248 × 10^-6 M and a binding constant of 6.19 × 10³ M^-1 were obtained by the receptor HNPD for Al³⁺ detection. A high influence of intramolecular charge transfer kinetics was established to realize the selective responsiveness towards Al³⁺ ions. Density functional theory approximation formulated the band energy modulation and localization and delocalization of electron density for the HNPD and Al³⁺ complexation. The developed sensor ultimately inspected on the real soil and water samples and ascertained the practical ability of Al³⁺ ions detection of HNPD chemosensor.

Keywords: Al(3+); DFT; Fluorescence; Naphthalene; Schiff base.