Objective: We aimed to assess the association between habitual fish oil use and new-onset kidney stones in participants with different levels of genetic risks of kidney stones.
Methods: 477,311 participants free of kidney stones at baseline from the UK Biobank cohort were included. Fish oil use was collected by both food frequency questionnaires and 24-h dietary recalls. A genetic risk score (GRS) for kidney stones was calculated based on 20 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with kidney stones. The primary outcome was new-onset kidney stones.
Results: During a median follow-up of 12.0 years, 5,637 cases of kidney stones were documented. Participants with high genetic risks of kidney stones had a higher risk of new-onset kidney stones (vs. low or intermediate risks; adjusted HR, 1.52; 95 %CI:1.44-1.60). Compared with non-users, habitual use of fish oil was associated with a lower risk of new-onset kidney stones (adjusted HR, 0.84, 95 %CI, 0.78-0.92) in participants with low or intermediate genetic risks, but not in those with high genetic risks of kidney stones (adjusted HR, 1.02, 95 %CI, 0.93-1.12; P-interaction =0.001). Among those with low or intermediate genetic risks of kidney stones, compared with fish oil constant nonusers, the adjusted HRs (95 %CI) for kidney stones were 0.89 (0.75-1.06), 0.72 (0.58-0.90), and 0.79 (0.64-0.97), for fish oil occasional users, modestly constant users, and moderately and highly constant users (P for trend = 0.001), respectively.
Conclusions: Habitual fish oil use was associated with a lower risk of new-onset kidney stones in participants with low or intermediate genetic risk of kidney stones.
Keywords: Fish oil; Genetic risk score; Genetic risks; Kidney stones; Supplements.
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