Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phytochemicals from green coconut shell: Optimization by integrated artificial neural network and particle swarm technique

Poornima Singh; Vinay Kumar Pandey; Sourav Chakraborty; Kshirod Kumar Dash; Rahul Singh; Ayaz Mukarram Shaikh; Kovács Béla

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22438

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phytochemicals from green coconut shell: Optimization by integrated artificial neural network and particle swarm technique

Heliyon. 2023 Nov 19;9(12):e22438. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22438. eCollection 2023 Dec.

Authors

Poornima Singh¹, Vinay Kumar Pandey^{1

2}, Sourav Chakraborty³, Kshirod Kumar Dash³, Rahul Singh¹, Ayaz Mukarram Shaikh⁴, Kovács Béla⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
² Division of Research & Innovation (DRI), School of Applied & Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
³ Department of Food Processing Technology, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology (GKCIET), Malda, West Bengal, 732141, India.
⁴ Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.

Abstract

This study employs artificial neural network (ANN) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to maximize antioxidant and antimicrobial activity from green coconut shells. Phytochemical analysis was carried out on the extract obtained from ultrasound-assisted extraction performed at different combinations of time (10, 20, and 30 min), temperature (30, 35, and 40 $°C$ ), and the ratio of solid-solvent (1:10, 1:20, and 1:30 g/ml). The presence of these bioactive compounds exhibits antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Quantitative analysis showed that the total phenolic compounds ranged from 7.08 to 33.46 mg GAE/g, flavonoids ranged from 2.09 to 28.46 mg QE/g, tannins ranged from 70.5 to 141.09 mg TAE/g, and antioxidant activity of 49.98-66.1 %. The FTIR analysis detected the presence of C[bond, double bond]O, O-H, and C-H bonds. The optimized condition of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was compared with the optimized condition of the microwave. The result of ultrasound-assisted extraction was observed to be better than microwave-assisted extraction.

Keywords: Artificial neural network; Green coconut shell; Particle swarm optimization; Phytochemicals; Ultrasound-assisted extraction.