Management of caustic ingestion in children remains a difficult challenge, with the outcome ranging from an asymptomatic state to intractable esophageal strictures. We reviewed the cases of 56 children ranging in age from 10 months to 5 years treated from 1973 to 1984 at the University of Florida. For children seen primarily at our institution, initial management consisted of prompt endoscopy and early institution of steroids and antibiotics. Esophageal burns were confirmed in 37 patients, 21 (56.75%) of whom subsequently had esophageal strictures of varying severity. In seven patients, limited esophageal strictures were managed successfully by dilation, but 14 children with multiple strictures required eventual esophageal replacement. Substernal right colonic interposition was tolerated well by these patients, with few complications, and their growth and development have been satisfactory over follow-up periods ranging from nine months to 13 years. A review of these cases suggests that the character of the ingested caustic material is the most important determinant of the severity of esophageal injury, with preparations containing lye being the most injurious; that in the presence of full-thickness esophageal injury, there is a high potential for stricture formation, regardless of the type of initial management, including early use of steroids; and that multiple esophageal strictures are refractory to dilation, and esophageal replacement should be an early consideration.