Use of cell salvage at the time of cesarean delivery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

Objective: Excess blood loss from obstetrical hemorrhage requires transfusion of donor blood, a finite resource. Intraoperative cell salvage collects a patient's own blood that has been lost during cesarean delivery and returns it to their own circulation. We performed a meta-analysis to examine the perioperative outcomes in patients receiving cell salvage at the time of cesarean delivery.

Data sources: Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Medline, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched from database inception through October 2023.

Study eligibility criteria: Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials comparing the use of cell salvage to standard-of-care during cesarean delivery.

Methods: Two authors independently extracted data. Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were used for data extraction and quality assessment. The primary outcomes were the rate of donor blood transfusion and change in hemoglobin level. The secondary outcomes included transfusion reaction, amniotic fluid embolism, and length of hospital stay. Results were summarized as weighted mean difference or risk ratio with associated 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was measured using Higgins I².

Results: A total of 5 randomized controlled trials (n=3361) comparing cell salvage to standard care during cesarean delivery met the inclusion criteria. Primary analysis showed a significant decrease in receiving allogeneic blood transfusion with intraoperative cell salvage use vs standard care (odds ratio, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.46), with no change in hemoglobin drop (mean difference, -0.77; 95% confidence interval, -1.67 to -0.14). The secondary outcomes showed no difference in transfusion reaction (odds ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.06-5.59), and length of hospital stay (mean difference, -1.90; 95% confidence interval, -4.85 to 1.06). No cases of amniotic fluid embolism were reported among the 1685 patients who received cell salvage.

Conclusion: Use of cell salvage during cesarean delivery reduced the overall need for allogeneic blood transfusion without increasing the risk of complications, including no cases of amniotic fluid embolism.

Keywords: autologous transfusion; cell salvage; cesarean delivery.