Familial adult myoclonus epilepsy: a pragmatic approach

Abstract

Familial Adult Myoclonus Epilepsy (FAME), with a prevalence of < 1/35 000, is known under different acronyms. The disease is transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner and is characterized by the occurrence of cortical myoclonic tremor, overt myoclonus, and rare bilateral tonic-clonic seizures. FAME is considered neurodegenerative, although it is relatively slow in progression. Diagnosis is based on specific neurophysiological testing, namely jerk-locked back-averaging, somatosensory evoked potentials, long latency reflex, and motor evoked potentials, among others. Imaging data, including functional magnetic resonance imaging, indicate a cortical origin of the cortical myoclonic tremor and decreased cerebellar activation. Cerebellar changes in Purkinje cells have been noted, from few neuropathology reports, in patients from isolated pedigrees. The differential diagnosis includes essential tremor, some forms of genetic generalized epilepsy, and progressive myoclonus epilepsies. Treatment is mainly symptomatic.

Keywords: ADCME; BAFME; Cortical excitability; Neurodegenerative; Repeat expansion toxicity.