Outdoor athletes often eschew using sunscreen due to perceived performance impairments, which many attribute in part to the potential for reduced thermoregulatory heat loss. Past studies examining the impact of sunscreen on thermoregulation are equivocal. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of mineral and chemical-based sunscreens on sweating responses and critical environmental limits in hot-dry (HD) and warm-humid (WH) environments. Nine subjects (3 M/6 F; 25 ± 2 yr) were tested with 1) no sunscreen (control), 2) chemical-, and 3) mineral-based sunscreen. Subjects were exposed to progressive heat stress with either 1) constant dry-bulb temperature (Tdb) at 34°C and increasing water vapor pressure (Pa) (WH trials) or 2) constant Pa at 12 mmHg and increasing Tdb (HD trials). Subjects walked at 4.9 ± 0.5 metabolic equivalents (METs) until an upward inflection in gastrointestinal temperature was observed (i.e., the critical environmental limit). Compared with control (39.9 ± 3.0°C), critical Tdb was not different in mineral (39.2 ± 3.5°C, P = 0.39) or chemical (39.7 ± 3.0°C, P = 0.98) sunscreen trials in HD environments. Compared with control (18.8 ± 4.0 mmHg), critical Pa was not different in mineral (18.9 ± 4.8 mmHg, P = 0.81) or chemical (19.5 ± 4.6 mmHg, P = 0.81) sunscreen trials in WH environments. Sweating rates, evaporative heat loss, skin wettedness, and sweating efficiency were not different among the three trials in the WH (all P ≥ 0.48) or HD (all P ≥ 0.87) environments. Critical environmental limits are unaffected by sunscreen application, suggesting sunscreen does not alter integrative thermoregulatory responses during exercise in the heat.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our findings demonstrate that neither sweating nor critical environmental limits were affected by mineral-based and chemical-based sunscreen applications. The rates of change in core temperature during compensable and uncompensable heat stress were not changed by wearing sunscreen. Evaporative heat loss, efficiency of sweat evaporation, skin wettedness, and sweating rates were unaffected by sunscreen. Sunscreen did not alter integrative thermoregulatory responses during exercise in the heat.
Keywords: UVR exposure; athletes; heat balance; sun block; sweat.