Risk factors of oncogenic HPV infection in HIV-positive men with anal condyloma acuminata in Shenzhen, Southeast China: a retrospective cohort study

Jiaxin Liu; Rongqing Yang; Xiaobao Zhao; Wenzhu Chu; Dapeng Li; Fuxiang Wang; Lanlan Wei

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.943115

Risk factors of oncogenic HPV infection in HIV-positive men with anal condyloma acuminata in Shenzhen, Southeast China: a retrospective cohort study

Front Public Health. 2023 Dec 11:11:943115. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.943115. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Jiaxin Liu^#^{1

2}, Rongqing Yang^#³, Xiaobao Zhao¹, Wenzhu Chu⁴, Dapeng Li¹, Fuxiang Wang⁵, Lanlan Wei¹

Affiliations

¹ National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Hepatology, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
² School of Medicine, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou, China.
³ Department of Dermatovenerology, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
⁴ Department of Dermatology, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.
⁵ Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with anal condyloma acuminata (CA) present an increased risk of anal cancer progression associated with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. It is essential to explore determinants of anal infection by oncogenic HPV among HIV-positive patients with CA.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed in HIV-positive patients with CA between January 2019 to October 2021 in Shenzhen, Southeast China. Exfoliated cells were collected from CA lesions and the anal canal of HPV genotypes detected by fluorescence PCR. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to probe associations of independent variables with oncogenic HPV infection.

Results: Among HIV-positive patients with CA, the most prevalent oncogenic genotypes were HPV52 (29.43%), HPV16 (28.93%), HPV59 (19.20%), and HPV18 (15.96%). Risk of oncogenic HPV infection increased with age at enrollment (COR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07, p = 0.022). In the multivariable analysis, age ≥ 35 years (AOR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.20-5.70, p = 0.02) and history of syphilis (AOR: 3.46, 95% CI: 1.90-6.79, p < 0.01) were independent risk factors statistically associated with oncogenic HPV infection. History of syphilis (AOR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.08-2.73, p < 0.02) was also an independent risk factor statistically associated with HPV16 or HPV18 infection.

Conclusion: In clinical practice, HIV-positive CA patients aged ≥35 years or with a history of syphilis should carry out HR-HPV testing and even anal cancer-related examinations to prevent the occurrence of anal cancer.

Keywords: HIV; HPV; anal cancer; condyloma acuminata; oncogenic HPV infection; risk factors.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

Anus Diseases* / epidemiology
Anus Diseases* / pathology
Anus Neoplasms* / epidemiology
China / epidemiology
Condylomata Acuminata* / complications
Condylomata Acuminata* / epidemiology
Condylomata Acuminata* / pathology
HIV Seropositivity* / epidemiology
HIV Seropositivity* / genetics
HIV Seropositivity* / pathology
Homosexuality, Male
Humans
Male
Papillomaviridae / genetics
Papillomavirus Infections* / complications
Papillomavirus Infections* / epidemiology
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Syphilis*

Grants and funding

The study was sponsored by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (no. 82102822), the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program (JCYJ20210324131607019), and the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program (KCXFZ20211020163544002).