Evaluation of renal function in precarious workers exposed to heavy metals in vulnerable scenarios in the metropolitan area of San Luis Potosí, México

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate renal function in three groups of precarious workers: garbage recyclers (REC), quarry workers (CAN), and brick makers (LAD). Samples of urine and blood were collected to evaluate clinical parameters and the metal levels in urine was measured using ICP-MS. REC group had the highest concentrations of chromium in urine (36.03 ± 27.2 µg/l) compared to CAN and LAD groups. Mercury concentrations were higher in the LAD group (3.7 ± 0.8 µg/l). Additionally, arsenic was detected in both CAN and REC groups (25.4 ± 26.2 and 19.09 ± 16.7 µg/l, respectively), while arsenic concentrations in LAD were higher (47.2 ± 30.8 µg/l). In kidney biomarkers, β2-microglobulin concentrations were higher in the REC group (87867 ± 115159.5 ng/g UCr). Similarly, cystatin-C concentrations were higher in the REC group (32795.61 ± 34965.8 ng/g UCr). The data suggests that precarious workers are exposed to heavy metals and have elevated protein levels that contribute to kidney damage.

Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD); Early Kidney Biomarkers; Heavy Metals; Precarious work.