Background: Patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) face an increased risk of maternal health complications and worsening disease manifestations during pregnancy. There are no established consensus guidelines that address the management of pregnancy in patients with TSC and healthcare providers rely on their individual experiences and preferences to derive treatment decisions. We sought to obtain provider opinion of pregnancy related maternal complications in patients with TSC, and the common evaluation and management strategies used to address these issues.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of healthcare providers with diverse areas of expertise related to the multisystem nature of involvement in TSC. Descriptive analyses were used to analyze our three primary variables: (1) provider recognition of maternal risks/complications; (2) provider recommendations before and during pregnancy; and (3) provider/clinic protocols.
Results: We received responses from 87 providers from 11 countries, with 40.7% (n = 35) seeing > 30 TSC patients yearly. The majority of providers (n = 70, 88.6%) deemed that a patient with TSC needed expert care beyond the standard of care for a typical pregnancy, with over 25% of providers reporting that they have seen lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) exacerbation, seizures, and preterm labor in pregnant patients with TSC. Providers who managed patients treated with mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) also agreed that mTORi use should be stopped prior to pregnancy (n = 45, 68.2%) but there was uncertainty about when to stop the mTORi (one month 28.9%, two months 11.1%, three months 42.2%, and 6-12 months 2.2%). Additionally, there were mixed opinions on restarting mTORi in response to disease progression during pregnancy. When asked about provider or clinic specific protocols, 71.6% (n = 53) of providers stated that they do not have a clear protocol for management decisions for patients with TSC before or during pregnancy.
Conclusion: Healthcare providers recognize that patients with TSC are at an increased risk for maternal health complications during pregnancy. However, there are wide inter-individual variances in practice, especially pertaining to decisions regarding mTORi use. There is a critical need to better understand the implications of pregnancy for patients with TSC, and to draft consensus recommendations to guide management decisions.
Keywords: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM); Maternal pregnancy complications; Prenatal care; Provider risk recognition; Screening and management; Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).
© 2023. The Author(s).