Perception of Heart Attack Risk Factors and Their Complications Among the Adult Population in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia

Eman Elsheikh; Abdullah M AlKhudair Sr; Shooq N AlGanem; Hassan R AlDandan; Ali H AlGhareeb; Mohammad A AlSalman; Abdullah A AlKhamis; Hajar M AlHajri; Ghadeer A Alsubaie

doi:10.7759/cureus.49860

Perception of Heart Attack Risk Factors and Their Complications Among the Adult Population in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia

Cureus. 2023 Dec 3;15(12):e49860. doi: 10.7759/cureus.49860. eCollection 2023 Dec.

Authors

Eman Elsheikh^{1

2}, Abdullah M AlKhudair Sr³, Shooq N AlGanem³, Hassan R AlDandan³, Ali H AlGhareeb³, Mohammad A AlSalman³, Abdullah A AlKhamis³, Hajar M AlHajri³, Ghadeer A Alsubaie³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Tanta University Hospital, Tanta, EGY.
² Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU.
³ College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU.

Abstract

Background Among the young population, many have risk factors that are nonmodifiable, modifiable, or both, increasing their chances of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and/or experiencing a heart attack later in life. Knowledge of both risk factors has a major role in preventing CVD by encouraging screening and applying the necessary lifestyle modifications. This study aims to assess the knowledge of risk factors and complications associated with heart attacks among individuals in the early adulthood age group. Methodology This descriptive cross-sectional study encompassed residents of the Eastern Region who met the specified inclusion criteria. Data were collected and recorded on a structured questionnaire regarding their demographic information, current risk factors, and knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and complications. The questionnaire was distributed in hard copy among schools, colleges, and primary healthcare centers. The statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The results were presented in tables as percentages and frequencies for all variables, and the scores were presented as mean and standard deviation. Results Among the 334 participants, the average overall score was 15.47 out of 28. The participants exhibited varying levels of knowledge across different aspects of the risk factors. The correct response rate ranged from as high as 84.4% (282) to as low as 41.6% (139) in the assessment of risk factors items. The majority of the participants showed a good understanding of the preventive measures, such as exercise and weight reduction. However, 43.4% (145) of participants reported not participating in physical activity and 29.1% (97) had a body mass index of 25 and above. Conclusions The outcome of this study suggests that there's a need for structured educational programs in schools and public health campaigns. The general public must have a reliable source of information rather than the mass media and false information read from social media.

Keywords: awareness; cardiovascular diseases; heart attack; myocardial infarction; risk factors.