A rare case of dialysis associated reaction presenting with urticarial vasculitis and haemoglobinuria

Nephrology (Carlton). 2024 Apr;29(4):235-238. doi: 10.1111/nep.14267. Epub 2024 Jan 3.

Abstract

Dialysis associated reactions presenting with urticarial vasculitis is rarely reported in medical literature. We report a 61-year-old gentleman who developed sudden onset dyspnea with diffuse erythema within 20 min of haemodialysis. Patient was started on Azilsartan 3 days prior to this clinical event. Labs revealed features of hemolysis and urine was positive for hemoglobinuria. All dialysis related factors responsible for this reaction were ruled out. Due to non-resolution of skin rash, skin biopsy was attempted which revealed fibrinoid necrosis of occasional vessels with predominant lymphocytic infiltration suggestive of drug induced urticarial vasculitis. Complement levels were normal. He was managed with steroids, anti-histaminic, discontinuation of azilsartan and change of dialyzer membrane. This case highlights a rare dermatological presentation of Type A dialysis associated reaction involving azilsartan with differential diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Keywords: Azilsartan; dialysis associated reaction; haemoglobinuria; urticarial vasculitis.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Hemoglobinuria / complications
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Renal Dialysis / adverse effects
  • Skin
  • Urticaria* / complications
  • Urticaria* / etiology
  • Vasculitis*