Effect of vitamin D supplementation on symptoms severity in vitamin D insufficient women with premenstrual syndrome: A randomized controlled trial

Hajar Heidari; Khadijeh Abbasi; Awat Feizi; Shahnaz Kohan; Reza Amani

doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.11.014

Effect of vitamin D supplementation on symptoms severity in vitamin D insufficient women with premenstrual syndrome: A randomized controlled trial

Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2024 Feb:59:241-248. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.11.014. Epub 2023 Dec 10.

Authors

Hajar Heidari¹, Khadijeh Abbasi², Awat Feizi³, Shahnaz Kohan⁴, Reza Amani⁵

Affiliations

¹ Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
² Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
³ Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
⁴ Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
⁵ Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Electronic address: r_amani@nutr.mui.ac.ir.

PMID: 38220382
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.11.014

Abstract

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the most prevalent disorders among reproductive women worldwide that negatively impact women's quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the severity of PMS symptoms in vitamin D insufficient women with PMS.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 44 vitamin D insufficient women with PMS received either 50,000 IU vitamin D or a placebo fortnightly for 16 weeks. Participants completed the PMS Daily Symptoms Rating form at beginning and during the last two months of the intervention, and their blood samples were collected to assess 25(OH)D serum levels.

Results: After the four months' intervention, the serum level of 25(OH)D in the vitamin D group raised from 21 ± 8 ng/ml to 40 ± 8 ng/ml (P < 0.001), while in the placebo group it raised from 21 ± 7 ng/ml to 23 ± 7 ng/ml (P = 0.03). Indeed, serum vitamin D levels in the placebo group could not reach a sufficient level. At the end of the intervention, the mean score of total PMS symptoms showed significant improvement in the vitamin supplemented group compared to the controls (p < 0.001). By grouping the PMS symptoms into five subgroups, the mean score of all five subgroups decreased post-supplementation compared to the baseline; however, the highest and lowest decrease were in depression (53 %) and water retention subgroups (28 %), respectively. This indicates a greater improvement in the mean scores of mood symptoms compared to physical symptoms in this study (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Results obtained in this clinical trial represent the helpful effects of vitamin D supplementation on total, physical and mood symptoms in vitamin D insufficient women with PMS.

Trial registration: This randomized controlled trial at IRCT.ir on 2018-06-20 with Registration No: IRCT20180525039822N1.

Keywords: Premenstrual syndrome; Severity; Supplementation; Symptom; Vitamin D.

Publication types

Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

Dietary Supplements
Female
Humans
Premenstrual Syndrome* / drug therapy
Quality of Life
Vitamin D*
Vitamins / therapeutic use

Substances

Vitamin D
Vitamins