Primary liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, its early diagnosis and early treatment are of great clinical importance. The main detection tools for liver cancer include serological indicators, imaging tests and risk assessment models. With the advancement of technology and research, the sensitivity and specificity of laboratory tests for liver cancer have been substantially improved, but there are still false negatives and low rates of early diagnosis. For different causes and prevalence regions, each country has developed its clinical practice guidelines to guide risk groups for effective prevention, early diagnosis and standardized treatment. It is important to establish a liver cancer diagnosis strategy that is suitable for China's national conditions, concerning the guidelines for the vigilance and prevention of liver cancer. In this article, the advantages and disadvantages of liver cancer-related tests and the impact of future development trends on laboratory strategies are explained from the perspective of laboratory testing strategies, to provide theoretical support for the practical application of liver cancer diagnostic strategies.
原发性肝癌（简称肝癌）是全球癌症相关主要死亡原因之一，其早期诊断、早期治疗具有重要临床意义。肝癌检测手段主要包括血清学指标、影像学检查及风险评估模型等。随着科技发展与研究深入，肝癌实验室检查的灵敏度和特异性有了大幅度提升，但仍存在假阴性、早期诊断率低等现象。针对不同病因和不同流行率地区，各国均制定了适合自身国情的临床实践指南，指导风险人群进行有效预防并进行早期诊断和规范治疗。如何参照指南警惕和预防肝癌，建立适合中国国情的肝癌实验室检查策略对于我国肝癌防控防治具有重要意义。本文从实验室检查策略的角度，阐述肝癌相关检测手段的特点和优劣势，以及未来发展趋势对实验室技术的影响，为肝癌实验室诊断策略实际应用提供理论支撑。.