The purpose of this study was to review the long-term results in anophthalmic patients treated for enophthalmos. The patients in our series had augmentation of the volume of their orbital contents by subperiosteal placement of room-temperature vulcanized silicone. From 1972 to 1985, sixty-three patients received subperiosteal placement of room-temperature vulcanized silicone for their enophthalmos. Twenty-four of these patients were seen in long-term follow-up 1 to 13 years postoperatively. Indepth follow-up evaluation showed that room-temperature vulcanized silicone subperiosteal implantation for the treatment of enophthalmos and superior sulcus depression in the anophthalmic orbit is a reliable, safe procedure that is without serious complications and has excellent long-term results.