Restricted Omicron-specific cross-variant memory B-cell immunity after a 3rd dose/booster of monovalent Wuhan-Hu-1-containing COVID-19 mRNA vaccine

Abstract

The responsiveness/cross-binding of vaccine-induced memory B cells/MBCs to previous and emerging divergent SARS-CoV-2 variants (e.g., Omicron) is understudied. In this longitudinal study subjects receiving two or three doses of monovalent ancestral strain-containing COVID-19 mRNA vaccine were evaluated. In contrast to others, we observed significantly lower frequencies of MBCs reactive to the receptor-binding domain/RBD, the N-terminal domain/NTD, and the S1 of Omicron/BA.1, compared to Wuhan and Delta, even after a 3rd vaccine dose/booster. Our study is a proof of concept that MBC cross-reactivity to variants with greater sequence divergence from the vaccine strain may be overestimated and suggests that these variants may exhibit immune escape with reduced recognition by circulating pre-existing MBCs upon infection.

Keywords: Antibodies, neutralizing; B cells; COVID-19; Humoral immune responses; Immunological memory; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccine; Variants of concern.