Under study were indices of the immune reactivity and infectious morbidity in 30 persons subjected to splenectomy in childhood for traumatic rupture of the spleen. They were shown to have lower resistance to infections. Children after splenectomy need a continuous dispensary observation. Prophylactic measures require further development. The most perspective method of preserving the functioning splenic tissue in the organism after trauma of the organ is thought to be autotransplantation of the splenic pulp.