Relationships of crystallinity and reaction rates for enzymatic degradation of poly (ethylene terephthalate), PET

Abstract

Biocatalytic degradation of plastic waste is anticipated to play an important role in future recycling systems. However, enzymatic degradation of crystalline poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) remains consistently poor. Herein, we employed functional assays to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of this limitation. This included utilizing complementary activity assays to monitor the degradation of PET disks with varying crystallinity (X_C), as well as determining enzymatic kinetic parameters for soluble PET fragments. The results indicate that an efficient PET-hydrolase, LCC_ICCG, operates through an endolytic mode of action, and that its activity is limited by conformational constraints in the PET polymer. Such constraints become more pronounced at high X_C values, and this limits the density of productive sites on the PET surface. Endolytic chain-scissions are the dominant reaction type in the initial stage, and this means that little or no soluble organic product are released. However, endolytic cuts gradually and locally promote chain mobility and hence the density of attack sites on the surface. This leads to an upward concave progress curve; a behavior sometimes termed lag-phase kinetics.

Keywords: Biotechnology; Enzymatic mode of action; Heterogeneous biocatalysis; Interfacial enzymology; PET-hydrolase; Substrate crystallinity.