Analysis of the Strength Properties of Epoxy-Glass Composites Modified with the Addition of Rubber Recyclate Using Kolmogorov-Sinai Metric Entropy

Daria Żuk; Norbert Abramczyk; Grzegorz Hajdukiewicz

doi:10.3390/ma17020411

Analysis of the Strength Properties of Epoxy-Glass Composites Modified with the Addition of Rubber Recyclate Using Kolmogorov-Sinai Metric Entropy

Materials (Basel). 2024 Jan 13;17(2):411. doi: 10.3390/ma17020411.

Authors

Daria Żuk¹, Norbert Abramczyk¹, Grzegorz Hajdukiewicz¹

Affiliation

¹ Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland.

Abstract

This paper presents the results of investigations of the mechanical properties of epoxy-glass composites with the addition of rubber recyclate. For the purposes of the study, seven variants of materials were designed and manufactured, which differed in terms of the percentage of recyclate content (3, 5 and 7%) and the way the recyclate was distributed in the composite (one, two and three layers with a constant share of 5%). Tests of comparative mechanical properties were carried out using a static tensile test. As a result of the conducted tests, the following values were obtained for all variants of materials: tensile strength (R_m), Young's modulus (E) and percentage relative strain ε. In addition, for a deeper analysis of the results obtained, statistical calculations of Kolgomorov-Sinai E_K-S metric entropy were performed on the experimental data sets, which were then analyzed. The results of the analysis indicate that the application of metric entropy calculations E_K-S can be helpful in identifying changes in the internal structure of the composite material that occur during its loading, and which do not manifest themselves in any other tangible way. The data obtained as a result of the research can be used to optimize production processes and to determine the further direction of development of epoxy-glass composites with the addition of rubber recyclate, while saving time and resources.

Keywords: Kolgomorov–Sinai metric entropy; epoxy–glass composites; rubber recyclate; static tensile test.

Grants and funding

The project is implemented as part of the program called “Innovation Incubator 4.0”, implemented as part of the non-competitive project entitled “Support for the management of scientific research and commercialization of the results of R&D work in scientific units and enterprises” under the Smart Growth Operational Program 2014–2020 (Measure 4.4). Pre-implementation work UMG-09 (RWK/II 4.0/1/12/2021).