Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Induced Neuroprotection in Pediatric Neurological Diseases: Recent Update of Underlying Mechanisms and Clinical Utility

Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2024 Sep;196(9):5843-5858. doi: 10.1007/s12010-023-04752-y. Epub 2024 Jan 23.

Abstract

Pediatric neurological diseases refer to a group of disorders that affect the nervous system in children. These conditions can have a significant impact on a child's development, cognitive function, motor skills, and overall quality of life. Stem cell therapy is a new and innovative approach to treat various neurological conditions by repairing damaged neurons and replacing those that have been lost. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gained significant recognition in this regard due to their ability to differentiate into different cell types. MSCs are multipotent self-replicating stem cells known to render promising results in the treatment of stroke and spinal cord injury in adults. When delivered to the foci of damage in the central nervous system, stem cells begin to differentiate into neural cells under the stimulation of paracrine factors and secrete various neurotrophic factors (NTFs) like nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) that expedite the repair process in injured neurons. In the present review, we will focus on the therapeutic benefits of the MSC-based therapies in salient pediatric neurological disorders including cerebral palsy, stroke, and autism.

Keywords: Mesenchymal stem cells; Neuroprotection; Pediatric neurological disease.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / metabolism
  • Cerebral Palsy / therapy
  • Child
  • Humans
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation*
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / metabolism
  • Nerve Growth Factors / metabolism
  • Nervous System Diseases* / therapy
  • Neuroprotection*
  • Neurotrophin 3 / metabolism
  • Stroke / therapy

Substances

  • Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
  • Nerve Growth Factors
  • Neurotrophin 3