Role of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant in the Management of Treatment-Naive Diabetic Macular Edema: A Pre-Cataract Surgical Approach for Patients with Systemic Contraindications to Anti-VEGF Therapy

Somnath Chakraborty; Santanu Ganguly; Jay Umed Sheth

doi:10.2147/OPTH.S449250

Role of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant in the Management of Treatment-Naive Diabetic Macular Edema: A Pre-Cataract Surgical Approach for Patients with Systemic Contraindications to Anti-VEGF Therapy

Clin Ophthalmol. 2024 Jan 23:18:227-233. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S449250. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Somnath Chakraborty¹, Santanu Ganguly², Jay Umed Sheth³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Vitreoretinal Services, Retina Institute of Bengal, Siliguri, India.
² Department of Anterior Segment Services, Retina Institute of Bengal, Siliguri, India.
³ Department of Vitreoretinal Services, Shantilal Shanghvi Eye Institute, Mumbai, MH, India.

Abstract

Purpose: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a significant cause of vision impairment, posing challenges in its management due to variable responses and patient diversity. While anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have revolutionized DME treatment, some patients are not suitable candidates for this therapy. Intravitreal corticosteroid therapy, such as the dexamethasone implant (DEX), has emerged as an alternative. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the role of intravitreal DEX in treatment-naive DME patients with systemic contraindications to anti-VEGF therapy, administered one month before cataract surgery.

Patients and methods: A single-center retrospective study included 20 eyes with controlled diabetes, visually significant cataracts, untreated DME, and systemic contraindications for anti-VEGF therapy. Patients underwent DEX treatment followed by cataract surgery after one month. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and intraocular pressure (IOP) were assessed at multiple time points.

Results: BCVA significantly improved on days 30, 90, and 180 post-DEX (P<0.00001). CMT showed a significant decrease at day 30 (P<0.00001), which was sustained through days 90 and 180 (P<0.00001). Recurrent DME was observed in 25% of eyes on day 90. IOP increased significantly at days 30 (P<0.00001) and 90 (P=0.0006), returning to baseline by day 180. However, only two eyes needed topical anti-glaucoma treatment. No other ocular or systemic adverse events were noted.

Conclusion: Intravitreal DEX administered one month before cataract surgery offers a promising treatment strategy for treatment-naive DME patients with systemic contraindications to anti-VEGF therapy. The study's findings provide insights into improving visual acuity and reducing macular thickness, along with manageable IOP changes. This personalized approach is a valuable addition to DME management, especially for complex medical cases, warranting further research and consideration for clinical practice.

Keywords: Ozurdex; dexamethasone implant; diabetic macular edema.