1 From the Departments of the History of Science (D.S.J., E.H.), African and African American Studies (E.H., D.W.), Anthropology (J.P.G.), and Sociology (D.W.), Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, and the Harvard University Native American Program (J.P.G.) - both in Cambridge, MA; and the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School (D.S.J., J.P.G.), and the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (E.H., D.W.) - both in Boston.