J.A. de Lemos reports participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, and Amgen and travel support from Eli Lilly and Company. B. Linetzky, L. Fan, A. Hemmingway, N.N. Ahmad, M.C. Bunck, and A. Stefanski are employees and shareholders of Eli Lilly and Company. C.W. le Roux reports grants from the Irish Research Council, Science Foundation Ireland, Anabio, and the Health Research Board. C.W. le Roux serves on advisory boards and speakers panels of Novo Nordisk, Herbalife, GI Dynamics, Eli Lilly and Company, Johnson & Johnson, Glia, Irish Life Health, and Boehringer Ingelheim, Currax, Zealand Pharma, and Rhythm Pharma. C.W. le Roux is a member of the Irish Society for Nutrition and Metabolism outside the area of work commented on here. C.W. le Roux was the chief medical officer and the director of the Medical Device Division of Keyron in 2021; both of these are unremunerated positions. C.W. le Roux was a previous investor in Keyron that develops endoscopically implantable medical devices intended to mimic the surgical procedures of sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass. No patients have been included in any of Keyron’s studies, and they are not listed on the stock market. C.W. le Roux was gifted stock holdings in September 2021 and divested all stock holdings in Keyron in September 2021. C.W. le Roux continues to provide scientific advice to Keyron for no remuneration. C.W. le Roux provides obesity clinical care in the Beyond BMI clinic and is a shareholder in the clinic. L.J. Laffin reports grants or contracts from AstraZeneca, Mineralys Therapeutics, and Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals; royalties or licenses from Elsevier and Belvoir Media Group; consulting fees from Medtronic and Eli Lilly and Company; payment or honoraria from the American Heart Association and Cardiometabolic Health Congress; participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for CRISPR Therapeutics; and stock or stock options in Gordy Health and LucidAct Health. W. Vongpatanasin reports no conflict of interest.