Ethanolic extract of cotinuscoggygria leaves attenuates crystalluria and kidney damage in ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in rats

Salih Gumru; Gunal Ozgur; Busra Ertas; Ali Sen; Pinar Eker; Tarik Emre Sener; Goksel Sener

doi:10.14744/nci.2023.29794

Ethanolic extract of cotinuscoggygria leaves attenuates crystalluria and kidney damage in ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in rats

North Clin Istanb. 2023 Nov 28;10(6):734-744. doi: 10.14744/nci.2023.29794. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Salih Gumru¹, Gunal Ozgur², Busra Ertas¹, Ali Sen³, Pinar Eker⁴, Tarik Emre Sener², Goksel Sener⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacology, Marmara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkiye.
² Department of Urology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye.
³ Department of Pharmacognosy, Marmara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkiye.
⁴ Department of Biochemistry, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkiye.
⁵ Department of Pharmacology, Fenerbahce University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkiye.

Abstract

Objective: Nephrolithiasis is a common cause of kidney insufficiency. Nephrolithiasis is proven to be the result of various biochemical and inflammatory processes that result in crystal formation and subsequent aggregation. Cotinuscoggygria L. (CCog) is a plant extract which has been used as a Turkish remedy for kidney stones. With this study, we planned to evaluate the effects of CCog extract in ethylene glycol (EG)-induced nephrolithiasis model in rats.

Methods: The study group comprised 32 Wistar albino rats which were divided into Control (C), EG, CCog Prophylaxis (CC+EG+CC), and CCog Treatment (EG+CC) groups. Stone formation was induced by adding EG (0.75%) into rat's drinking water. Normal drinking water was given to Control group for 8 weeks. Throughout the study period of 8 weeks, EG group was given only EG (0.75%) and CC+EG+CC group was given both EG and CCog. In EG+CC group, EG (0.75%) was given for 8 weeks whereas CCog was given for the past 4 weeks. After the 8^th week, 24-h urine samples were collected. Rats were then sacrificed and kidney tissue samples were harvested.

Results: Metabolites (calcium, citrate) and creatinine in 24 h urine samples were decreased in CC+EG+CC and EG+CC groups. While hyperoxaluria was observed in the EG group, oxalate levels were similar to control levels in the P-CCog and C-CCog groups. The N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase and myeloperoxidase activities were both increased in EG group and these parameters were significantly decreased on CCog treatment.

Conclusion: We can conclude that C. coggygria extract can have beneficial effect on lowering concentration of stone-forming metabolites in urine and consequently protect renal tissues from damage due to nephrolithiasis. C. coggygria extract can be considered as a potential prophylactic and therapeutic option in high-risk stone formers. Furthermore, our data confirm ethnobotanical use of CC against nephrolithiasis.

Keywords: Ethylene glycol; hyperoxaluria; nephrolithiasis; oxidative stress; renal insufficiency.