Decreased retinal vascular density is associated with cognitive impairment in CADASIL: an optical coherence tomography angiography study

Yu Guo; Jianchen Hao; Ruilin Zhu; Li Bai; Yong Shan; Yunchuang Sun; Fan Li; Wei Zhang; Zhaoxia Wang; Liu Yang; Yun Yuan; Chen Ling

doi:10.1007/s10072-024-07390-2

Decreased retinal vascular density is associated with cognitive impairment in CADASIL: an optical coherence tomography angiography study

Neurol Sci. 2024 Feb 19. doi: 10.1007/s10072-024-07390-2. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Yu Guo^#^{1

2}, Jianchen Hao^#³, Ruilin Zhu³, Li Bai^{1

2}, Yong Shan⁴, Yunchuang Sun^{1

2}, Fan Li^{1

2}, Wei Zhang^{1

2}, Zhaoxia Wang^{1

2}, Liu Yang⁵, Yun Yuan^{6

7}, Chen Ling^{8

9}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
² Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular Disease Discovery, Beijing, China.
³ Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
⁴ Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.
⁵ Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China. Liu_Yang@bjmu.edu.cn.
⁶ Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China. yuanyun2002@126.com.
⁷ Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular Disease Discovery, Beijing, China. yuanyun2002@126.com.
⁸ Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China. lnyy.chen@foxmail.com.
⁹ Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurovascular Disease Discovery, Beijing, China. lnyy.chen@foxmail.com.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 38372842
DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07390-2

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to assess alterations in retinal vascular density in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) patients using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and investigate their association with MRI and cognitive features.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with CADASIL and forty healthy controls were evaluated by Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 with AngioPlex OCTA to determine changes in macular retinal vasculature. Retinal vasculature parameters between two groups were compared. The MRI lesion burden and neuropsychological scales were also examined in patients. The association between OCTA parameters and MRI/cognitive features was evaluated using partial Spearman rank correlation.

Results: The vessel density and perfusion density of whole image in macular region (vessel density: t = - 2.834, p = 0.005; perfusion density: t = - 2.691, p = 0.007) were significantly decreased in patients with CADASIL. Moreover, vessel density of whole image in macular region was negatively associated with Fazekas scores (ρ = - 0.457; p = 0.025) and the number of lacunar infractions (ρ = - 0.425, p = 0.038) after adjustment for age. Decreased macular vessel density and perfusion density of whole image were also associated with MoCA scores (vessel density: ρ = 0.542, p = 0.006; perfusion density: ρ = 0.478, p = 0.018) and other domain-specific neuropsychological tests (p < 0.05) after adjustment for age.

Conclusion: Decreased retinal vascular density was associated with increased MRI lesion burden and cognitive impairment in patients with CADASIL. Our findings suggest that the degree of retinal vascular involvement, as demonstrated by OCTA, may be consistent with the severity of MRI lesions and the degree of cognitive impairment in patients.

Keywords: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy; Cognition; Magnetic resonance imaging; Optical coherence tomography angiography; Retinal vascular density.

Abstract

Grants and funding