Fear of hypoglycemia and illness perception in type II diabetes patients

Abdollahi Fariba; Mohammad Amerzadeh; Marjan Banazadeh; Saba Rashidi; Zahra Tayebi Myaneh

doi:10.1186/s12902-024-01548-x

Fear of hypoglycemia and illness perception in type II diabetes patients

BMC Endocr Disord. 2024 Feb 20;24(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s12902-024-01548-x.

Authors

Abdollahi Fariba¹, Mohammad Amerzadeh², Marjan Banazadeh³, Saba Rashidi⁴, Zahra Tayebi Myaneh⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.
² Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
³ School of Nursing, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
⁴ Student Reserch committe, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
⁵ School of Nursing, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. tayebi.medical@gmail.com.

Abstract

Background: Hypoglycemia, a prevalent acute complication among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), manifests with varied symptoms. Those with diabetes who have previously encountered hypoglycemic episodes commonly develop a Fear of Hyperglycemia (FOH). Illness perception (IP) significantly affects self-care behaviors and health outcomes in individuals diagnosed with T2D.

Objective: This study examined the correlation between IP and FOH among T2D patients and predictors of FOH.

Methods: The present study employed a descriptive-analytical design. The target population for this investigation comprised patients diagnosed T2D who sought medical care at the clinic and endocrinology departments of a hospital affiliated with Alborz University of Medical Sciences. The data collection period spanned from August 2019 to March 2021. A total of 300 individuals were included in the sample. Questionnaires were administered to measure both IP and FOH. Statistical analysis was conducted to examine the association between IP and FOH, as well as to identify the predictors of FOH.

Results: The results of the study indicated a statistically significant relationship between FOH and the mean score of IP among patients with diabetes (p = 0.001, r = 0.393), suggesting a moderate positive correlation between these variables. Additionally, the duration of illness, IP, and level of education were identified as variables that predicted FOH (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The numerous factors that influence FOH in individuals diagnosed with T2D highlight the necessity for strategic planning and training initiatives aimed at enhancing IP and reducing FOH within this specific population. Healthcare providers should prioritize interventions that not only address patients' concerns but also contribute to the improvement of their overall well-being. By implementing such interventions, healthcare providers can optimize diabetes management strategies and ultimately enhance patient outcomes.

Keywords: Fear of hypoglycemia; Illness perception; Predictors; Type 2 diabetes.

MeSH terms

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / complications
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / complications
Fear
Humans
Hyperglycemia* / complications
Hypoglycemia* / etiology
Perception