Acute Respiratory Failure in Severe Acute Brain Injury

Abstract

Acute respiratory failure is commonly encountered in severe acute brain injury due to a multitude of factors related to the sequelae of the primary injury. The interaction between pulmonary and neurologic systems in this population is complex, often with competing priorities. Many treatment modalities for acute respiratory failure can result in deleterious effects on cerebral physiology, and secondary brain injury due to elevations in intracranial pressure or impaired cerebral perfusion. High-quality literature is lacking to guide clinical decision-making in this population, and deliberate considerations of individual patient factors must be considered to optimize each patient's care.

Keywords: Acute ischemic stroke; Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Acute respiratory failure; Cardiac arrest; Intracranial hemorrhage; Severe acute brain injury; Subarachnoid hemorrhage; Traumatic brain injury.