Long-term opioid therapy trajectories in veteran patients with and without substance use disorder

Affiliations

• ¹ Health Services Research & Development, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; The National Clinician Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, USA; Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, 201 Nursing Sciences Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Electronic address: saaxson@psu.edu.
• ² Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, USA; Pain Research, Informatics, Multimorbidities and Education Center of Innovation, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA. Electronic address: William.Becker@yale.edu.
• ³ CHAllenges in Managing and Preventing Pain (CHAMPP) Clinical Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: merlinjs@upmc.edu.
• ⁴ Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: kalorenz@stanford.edu.
• ⁵ Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA. Electronic address: Amanda.Midboe@va.gov.
• ⁶ Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, USA; Pain Research, Informatics, Multimorbidities and Education Center of Innovation, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA. Electronic address: Anne.Black@va.gov.