Taking time to compose thoughts with prefrontal schemata

Exp Brain Res. 2024 May;242(5):1101-1114. doi: 10.1007/s00221-024-06785-z. Epub 2024 Mar 14.

Abstract

Under what conditions can prefrontal cortex direct the composition of brain states, to generate coherent streams of thoughts? Using a simplified Potts model of cortical dynamics, crudely differentiated into two halves, we show that once activity levels are regulated, so as to disambiguate a single temporal sequence, whether the contents of the sequence are mainly determined by the frontal or by the posterior half, or by neither, depends on statistical parameters that describe its microcircuits. The frontal cortex tends to lead if it has more local attractors, longer lasting and stronger ones, in order of increasing importance. Its guidance is particularly effective to the extent that posterior cortices do not tend to transition from state to state on their own. The result may be related to prefrontal cortex enforcing its temporally-oriented schemata driving coherent sequences of brain states, unlike the atemporal "context" contributed by the hippocampus. Modelling a mild prefrontal (vs. posterior) lesion offers an account of mind-wandering and event construction deficits observed in prefrontal patients.

Keywords: Associative memory; Cortical networks; Latching dynamics; Mind-wandering; Sequential retrieval; Spontaneous cognition.

MeSH terms

  • Humans
  • Models, Neurological
  • Prefrontal Cortex* / physiology
  • Thinking* / physiology
  • Time Factors