Impact of sarcopenia on the short-term and long-term outcomes of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma undergoing hepatectomy: A multi-center study

Abstract

Background: Sarcopenia is associated with adverse prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) after surgery.

Methods: 321 patients with iCCA undergoing surgery were retrospectively recruited and assigned to training and validation cohort. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was assessed to define sarcopenia. Logistic regression and cox regression analysis were used to identify risk factors. A novel sarcopenia-based nomogram was constructed and validated by ROC curves, calibration curves, and DCA curves.

Results: 260 patients were included for analysis. The median age was 63.0 years and 161 patients (61.9%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Patients with sarcopenia exhibited a higher rate of postoperative complications, a worse OS and RFS than patients without sarcopenia. Sarcopenia, low albumin and intraoperative blood transfusion were independent risk factors of postoperative complications, while sarcopenia and low albumin were risk factors of high CCI≥26.2. Sarcopenia, high PS score, low-undifferentiated differentiation, perineural invasion, TNM stage III-IV were risk factors of OS, and a novel nomogram based on these five factors was built to predict the 12-, 24-, and 36-months OS, with the mean AUC > 0.6.

Conclusion: Sarcopenia is negatively associated with both postoperative complications and survival prognosis of iCCA undergoing hepatectomy.

Keywords: Complication; Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; Overall survival; Prognosis; Sarcopenia.