Antiobesity and antidiabetes effects of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes presenting protein tyrosine phosphatase, dipeptidyl peptidase 4, metabolic enzymes, stress oxidant and inflammation inhibitory potential

Faiza I A Abdella; Amani Toumi; Sarra Boudriga; Tahani Y A Alanazi; Asma K Alshamari; Ahlam Abdulrahman Alrashdi; Khaled Hamden

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27598

Antiobesity and antidiabetes effects of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes presenting protein tyrosine phosphatase, dipeptidyl peptidase 4, metabolic enzymes, stress oxidant and inflammation inhibitory potential

Heliyon. 2024 Mar 5;10(5):e27598. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27598. eCollection 2024 Mar 15.

Authors

Faiza I A Abdella¹, Amani Toumi², Sarra Boudriga², Tahani Y A Alanazi¹, Asma K Alshamari¹, Ahlam Abdulrahman Alrashdi¹, Khaled Hamden³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Ha'il University, Ha'il, 81451, Saudi Arabia.
² Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural Product and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia.
³ Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Valorization, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia.

Abstract

Diabetes is a significant global health concern that increases the vulnerability to various chronic illnesses. In view of this issue, the current research aimed to examine the effects of administering an extract derived from the tubers of Cyperus rotundus L (CrE) on obesity, type 1 diabetes, and liver-kidney toxicity. Through the utilization of HPLC-DAD analysis, it was discovered that the extract contained several components, including quercetin (47.8%), luteolin glucoside (17%), luteolin (7.56%), apigenin-7-glucoside (6.29%), naringinin (4.52%), and seven others. In vitro experiments they have demonstrated that CrE effectively inhibited key digestive enzymes associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, such as DPP-4, PTP1B, lipase, and α-amylase, as evidenced by their respective IC50 values are about 23, 51,83, and 67 μg/ml respectively. Furthermore, when diabetic rats were administered CrE, the activity of pancreatic enzymes linked to inflammation, namely 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), hyaluronidase (HAase), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), was significantly suppressed by 48, 41, 75, and 47%, respectively. Moreover, CrE exhibited protective effects on pancreatic β-cells by inhibiting the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) by 65% and the induction of superoxide Dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities by 62, 108, and 112% respectively as compared to diabetic untreated rat. Additionally, CrE significantly inhibited the activities of intestinal, pancreatic, and serum lipase and α-amylase activities. In diabetic rats, CrE administration suppressed glycogen phosphorylase (GP) stimulated glycogen synthase (GS) activities by 45 and 30%; and this increased liver glycogen content by 45%. Furthermore, CrE modulated key hepatic enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, including hexokinase (HK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P), and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP). Notably, the average food and water intake (AFI and AWI) of diabetic rats treated with CrE was reduced by 15 and 16% respectively as compared to those without any treatment. Therefore, this study demonstrated the effectiveness of Cyperus rotundus tubers in preventing and treating obesity and diabetes.

Keywords: Cyperus rotundus; Diabetes; Disacchridases; Inflammation; Obesity; Pancreas.