Acetyl-CoA carboxylase obstructs CD8+ T cell lipid utilization in the tumor microenvironment

Cell Metab. 2024 May 7;36(5):969-983.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.02.009. Epub 2024 Mar 14.

Abstract

The solid tumor microenvironment (TME) imprints a compromised metabolic state in tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs), hallmarked by the inability to maintain effective energy synthesis for antitumor function and survival. T cells in the TME must catabolize lipids via mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to supply energy in nutrient stress, and it is established that T cells enriched in FAO are adept at cancer control. However, endogenous TILs and unmodified cellular therapy products fail to sustain bioenergetics in tumors. We reveal that the solid TME imposes perpetual acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase (ACC) activity, invoking lipid biogenesis and storage in TILs that opposes FAO. Using metabolic, lipidomic, and confocal imaging strategies, we find that restricting ACC rewires T cell metabolism, enabling energy maintenance in TME stress. Limiting ACC activity potentiates a gene and phenotypic program indicative of T cell longevity, engendering T cells with increased survival and polyfunctionality, which sustains cancer control.

Keywords: T cell; endoplasmic reticulum; immunotherapy; lipid; metabolism; mitochondria; tumor microenvironment.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase* / metabolism
  • Animals
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes* / immunology
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes* / metabolism
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Fatty Acids / metabolism
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lipid Metabolism*
  • Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / immunology
  • Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mitochondria / metabolism
  • Tumor Microenvironment*

Substances

  • Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
  • Fatty Acids