Low Rates of Colorectal Cancer Screening in Our Patients' First-Degree Relatives: Are We Failing Them?

Anyelin Almanzar; Sophia L Dahmani; Sami Shoucair; Said Alnajjar; Christina Zheng; Vinay Gupta; David Lisle

doi:10.1097/DCR.0000000000003189

Low Rates of Colorectal Cancer Screening in Our Patients' First-Degree Relatives: Are We Failing Them?

Dis Colon Rectum. 2024 Mar 19. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000003189. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Anyelin Almanzar¹, Sophia L Dahmani², Sami Shoucair¹, Said Alnajjar¹, Christina Zheng¹, Vinay Gupta¹, David Lisle¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of General Surgery, Medstar Franklin Square Medical Center, Rossville, Maryland.
² School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.

PMID: 38502565
DOI: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000003189

Abstract

Background: Guidelines recommend screening those with a family history of early-onset colorectal cancer at age 40 or 10 years before the age of their relative's diagnosis. Currently, there is no literature reporting the screening rate in these individuals and no protocols are in place to identify and target this population for screening awareness.

Objective: Assess adherence to current screening guidelines among FDRs of patients with early-onset colorectal cancer.

Design: Retrospective and qualitative study involving a telephone survey where patients were asked about relative's screening status and barriers to screening.

Settings: Two community-based institutions between January 2018-December 2021.

Patients: Individuals diagnosed with early-onset colorectal cancer who had undergone surgery at our institutions.

Main outcome measures: Rate of screening in first-degree relatives of our patients with early-onset colorectal cancer. Other factors measured included demographics, clinicopathologic characteristics and screening barriers.

Results: Thirty-six patients were identified. Survey response rate was 66.6% (n=24). A total of 88 first-degree relatives who met criteria for screening resulted, with 67.1% (n=59) having a known screening status. Of the 59 with known screening status, it was reported that only 44% (n=26) have undergone screening. Patients of African American race, stage III/IV disease, Medicare/Medicaid and living within Baltimore City County were more likely to have family members with unknown or no screening. Lack of insurance coverage was the most common barrier noted 12.5% (n=3); whereas 54.1% (n=13) reported no barriers to screening.

Limitations: Retrospective design.

Conclusions: Most first-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with early-onset colorectal cancer do not undergo colorectal cancer screening. This could be attributed to the lack of protocols that could guarantee these individuals are informed of their elevated risk and the different options available for screening. Furthermore, our study suggests that racial and socioeconomic disparities exist among high-risk patients who should pursue screening. See Video Abstract.