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Comparative Study
. 2024 Jul 1;63(4):422-427.
doi: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-23-000106. Epub 2024 Mar 20.

Evaluation of Efficacy of 2 Extended-release Bupivacaine Products in a Porcine Model of Incisional Pain

Affiliations
Comparative Study

Evaluation of Efficacy of 2 Extended-release Bupivacaine Products in a Porcine Model of Incisional Pain

Peggy Yang et al. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. .

Abstract

Extended-release (ER) local anesthetics are often incorporated in multi-modal analgesia or as an alternative when the effect of systemic analgesics may confound research. In this study, we compared the analgesic efficacy of 2 ER bupivacaine anesthetics with different ER mechanisms, a slow-release bupivacaine-meloxicam polymer (BMP) and a sucrose acetate isobutyrate bupivacaine (SABER-B) system. We used a full-thickness unilateral skin incision porcine model to evaluate the efficacy of these 2 ER bupivacaine analgesics. Eighteen male swine were randomized into 3 groups: control (saline; n = 6), bupivacaine:meloxicam (10 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg; n = 6), and SABER-B (10 mg/kg; n = 6). After surgery, pigs were assessed for changes in body weight, salivary cortisol level, and response to von Frey testing at 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 168 h. Body weight and salivary cortisol levels were not significantly different between groups. Based on the von Frey testing, the pigs that received analgesics showed a significantly higher withdrawal threshold of nociceptive stimulus than those that received saline at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h after the surgery. At 48 h after surgery, the SABER-B group had a significantly higher withdrawal threshold than the saline group. The withdrawal threshold was not significantly different from the baseline measurement on intact skin at 3 and 6 h after surgery in the BMP group or 1 and 3 h for the SABERB group. The analgesic effects of BMP were greatest at 3 and 6 h after surgery and that of SABER-B as 1 and 3 h SABER-B provided an earlier onset of analgesia and longer analgesia duration than did BMP. This study demonstrates that ER bupivacaine can provide pigs with 24 to 48 h of analgesia for incisional pain.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) have no conflict(s) of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Study design. The figure shows the study activity over 13 d.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Body weights (mean ± 1 SD) of pigs receiving saline, bupivacaine meloxicam, or SABER bupivacaine. Body weights were taken at 5 d before surgery (arrival), 1 d before surgery, and 7 d after surgery.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Salivary cortisol (mean ± 1 SD) of pigs receiving saline, bupivacaine-meloxicam, or SABER bupivacaine. Salivary cortisol was taken at baseline before surgery and 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 168 h after surgery. Salivary cortisol levels in the SABER bupivacaine group and the bupivacaine-meloxicam group were significantly lower than the saline group in the first hour after surgery (P = 0.029 and P = 0.00001). The asterisk marks the statistical significant difference.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
von Frey measurement (mean ± 1 SD) of pigs receiving saline, bupivacaine-meloxicam, or SABER bupivacaine. Data were collected at baseline before surgery and 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 168 h after surgery. The withdrawal threshold in bupivacaine–meloxicam and SABER-bupivacaine was significantly higher from the saline group (P < 0.0001) at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h after surgery. In addition, the withdrawal threshold in SABER-bupivacaine was significantly different from the saline group at 48 h after surgery.

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