Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and the risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study

Talip E Eroglu; Ruben Coronel; Patrick C Souverein

doi:10.1093/ehjcvp/pvae022

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and the risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study

Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2024 Mar 22:pvae022. doi: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvae022. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Talip E Eroglu^{1

2

3}, Ruben Coronel¹, Patrick C Souverein³

Affiliations

¹ Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
² Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark.
³ Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

PMID: 38520149
DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvae022

Abstract

Aims: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) have a direct cardiac effect that is likely to be independent of its glucose lowering renal effect. Previous research has shown that SGLT2-is mitigate heart failure and prevent arrhythmic cardiac death. Our objective is to determine whether SGLT-2is reduce atrial fibrillation (AF) in comparison to other second-to third-line antidiabetic drugs in type 2 diabetes.

Methods and results: We conducted a population-based, new-user active comparator cohort study using data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. We identified a cohort of patients initiating a new antidiabetic drug class between January 2013 and September 2020. This cohort included patients initiating their first ever non-insulin antidiabetic drug, as well as those who switched to or added-on an antidiabetic drug class not previously used in their treatment history. Individuals with a diagnosis of AF or atrial flutter at any time before cohort entry were excluded. Cox regression analysis with time-dependent covariates was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%-CIs) of AF comparing SGLT-2-is with other second-to third-line antidiabetic drugs. Stratified analyses were performed according to sex, diabetes duration (<5 or ≥5 years), body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, and presence of heart failure. The cohort comprised 142,447 patients. SGLT-2is were associated with a statistically significant reduced hazard of AF compared to other second-to third-line antidiabetic drugs (adjusted HR:0.77[95%-CI:0.68-0.88]). This reduced risk was present in both sexes but was more prominently among women (adjusted HRwomen:0.60[95%-CI:0.45-0.79]; HRmen:0.85[95%-CI:0.73-0.98]; P-value interaction:0.012). There was no evidence for effect modification when stratifying on duration of diabetes, body mass index, HbA1c, or presence of heart failure.

Conclusion: SGLT-2is were associated with a reduced risk of AF in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to other second-to third-line antidiabetic drugs. This reduced risk occurs in both sexes but more prominently among women.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus- Atrial fibrillation; Pharmacoepidemiology; SGLT-2 inhibitors.