Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a common public health issue worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the vitamin D status and its potential determinants in children residing in Sardinia (40°N), Italy.
Methods: A total of 182 children (males: 51.7%; median age: 9 years) were enrolled over a 12-month period. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by an immune-chemiluminescence assay. A questionnaire was used to gather information on other variables, including passive smoke exposure.
Results: Mean (SD) serum 25(OH)D was 25.2 (8.3) ng/mL for the whole group. The majority (n=123, 67.6%) of children had vitamin D sufficient values >20 ng/mL, while about 1/3 had vitamin D insufficient/deficient values (≤20 ng/mL (n=59, 32.4%). Among the variables investigated, passive smoke exposure was significantly associated with insufficient 25(OH)D levels (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: Our results further prove that hypovitaminosis D is common in the Italian children and documented that passive smoke exposure is a significant risk factor for hypovitaminosis D.
Keywords: Vitamin D deficiency; hypovitaminosis D; lifestyle habits; passive smoke exposure.