Evaluation of plasma vitamin E and development of proteinuria in hypertensive patients

Panpan He; Huan Li; Yuanyuan Zhang; Yun Song; Chengzhang Liu; Lishun Liu; Binyan Wang; Huiyuan Guo; Xiaobin Wang; Yong Huo; Hao Zhang; Xiping Xu; Jing Nie; Xianhui Qin

doi:10.2478/jtim-2023-0004

Evaluation of plasma vitamin E and development of proteinuria in hypertensive patients

J Transl Int Med. 2023 Apr 1;12(1):78-85. doi: 10.2478/jtim-2023-0004. eCollection 2024 Feb.

Authors

Panpan He¹, Huan Li¹, Yuanyuan Zhang¹, Yun Song², Chengzhang Liu³, Lishun Liu², Binyan Wang^{3

4}, Huiyuan Guo², Xiaobin Wang⁵, Yong Huo⁶, Hao Zhang², Xiping Xu^{1

2

7}, Jing Nie¹, Xianhui Qin¹

Affiliations

¹ National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
² Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
³ Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China.
⁴ Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong Province, China.
⁵ Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore 21205, MD, USA.
⁶ Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
⁷ AUSA Research Institute, Shenzhen AUSA Pharmed Co Ltd, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong Province, China.

Abstract

Background: The prospective relationship between plasma vitamin E levels and proteinuria remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the association between baseline plasma vitamin E levels and the development of proteinuria and examine any possible effect modifiers in patients with hypertension.

Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of the renal sub-study of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT). In total, 780 participants with vitamin E measurements and without proteinuria at baseline were included in the current study. The study outcome was the development of proteinuria, defined as a urine dipstick reading of a trace or ≥ 1+ at the exit visit.

Results: During a median follow-up duration of 4.4 years, the development of proteinuria occurred in 93 (11.9%) participants. Overall, there was an inverse relationship between plasma vitamin E and the development of proteinuria (per standard deviation [SD] increment; odds ratio [OR]: 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55-0.96). Consistently, when plasma vitamin E was assessed as quartiles, lower risk of proteinuria development was found in participants in quartiles 2-4 (≥ 7.3 μg/mL; OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34-0.96) compared to those in quartile 1. None of the variables, including sex, age, and body mass index, significantly modified the association between vitamin E and proteinuria development.

Conclusion: There was a significant inverse association between plasma vitamin E levels and the development of proteinuria in patients with hypertension. The results were consistent among participants with different baseline characteristics.

Keywords: patients with hypertension; plasma vitamin E; proteinuria; α-tocopherol.

© 2023 Panpan He, Huan Li, Yuanyuan Zhang, Yun Song, Chengzhang Liu, Lishun Liu, Binyan Wang,, Huiyuan Guo, Xiaobin Wang, Yong Huo, Hao Zhang, Xiping Xu, Jing Nie, Xianhui Qin, published by De Gruyter on behalf of Scholar Media Publishing.

Grants and funding

This study was supported by funding from the following: the National Key R&D Program of China (2020YFC2005000); the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFE0205400, 2018ZX09739010, 2018ZX09301034003); the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong (2020B121202010); the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou, China (201707020010); the Science, Technology, and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen, China (GJHS20170314114526143, JSGG20180703155802047); the Economic, Trade, and Information Commission of Shenzhen Municipality, China (20170505161556110, 20170505160926390, 201705051617070); and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81973133, 81730019), the Outstanding Youths Development Scheme of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University [2017J009]; and the National Key Research and Development Program [2022YFC2009600, 2022YFC2009605].