Beneficial role of amygdalin extracts against animal growth regulator Boldjan induced cardiac toxicity, injury and oxidative stress in male rats

Eman M Hussain; Sura M Alkadhimy; Asmaa M Neamah; Ehab Tousson

doi:10.1093/toxres/tfae042

Beneficial role of amygdalin extracts against animal growth regulator Boldjan induced cardiac toxicity, injury and oxidative stress in male rats

Toxicol Res (Camb). 2024 Mar 23;13(2):tfae042. doi: 10.1093/toxres/tfae042. eCollection 2024 Apr.

Authors

Eman M Hussain¹, Sura M Alkadhimy², Asmaa M Neamah³, Ehab Tousson⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biology, Collage of Science, Al-Qadisiyah University, Iraq.
² Department of Hotel Studies, College of Tourism Sciences, University of Karbala, Iraq.
³ Department of Environment, College of Science, Al-Qadisiyah University, Iraq.
⁴ Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt.

PMID: 38529199
PMCID: PMC10960923 (available on 2025-03-23)
DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae042

Abstract

Millions of individuals have used illicit anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), but the long-term cardiovascular associations of these drugs remain incompletely understood. Boldjan is AAS medication which is used in veterinary medicine and by young adults aiming to have a better appearance improving their self-esteem. Therefore; the objective of the current investigation was to examine any potential preventative effects of amygdalin extract against anabolic steroid Boldjan induced cardic toxicity, injury and oxidative stress in male rat. Forty adult male Wistar rats were classified into five groups (Gp1, Control Gp; Gp2, Amygdalin Gp in which rats treated with amygdalin (100 mg/kg body weight/day) daily for 2 weeks; Gp3, Boldjan Gp in which rats treated with Boldjan (10 mg/Kg BW/week) for 4 weeks; Gp4, Boldjan + Amygdalin). Boldjan induced a significant rises in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase MB (CK MB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C), cardiac injury, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a significant depletion in serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), cardiac reduced glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (Cat) activities as compared to control Gp. In contrast, Amygdalin significantly reversed the Boldjan induced cardiac toxicity in post treated rats Gp (Boldjan + Amygdalin). Amygdalin could be an efficient preventive supplement for mitigating Boldjan induced cardiac toxicity, possibly via controlling oxidative stress events.

Keywords: Boldjan; amygdalin; anabolic-androgenic steroids; cardiac toxicity.