Role of chitosan in intestinal integrity: TLR4 and IFNAR signaling in the induction of E-cadherin and CD103 in mice

Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 May;267(Pt 1):131334. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131334. Epub 2024 Apr 4.

Abstract

Chitin and its derivative chitosan (Q) are abundant structural elements in nature. Q has modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects and also regulates the expression of adhesion molecules. The interaction between cells expressing the αEβ7 integrin and E-cadherin facilitates tolerogenic signal transmission and localization of lymphocytes at the frontline for interaction with luminal antigens. In this study we evaluated the ability of orally administered Q to stimulate E-cadherin and CD103 expression in vitro and in vivo. Our findings show that Q promoted epithelial cell migration, accelerated wound healing and increased E-cadherin expression in IEC-18 cells and isolated intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) after Q feeding. The upregulation of E-cadherin was dependent on TLR4 and IFNAR signaling, triggering CD103 expression in lymphocytes. Q reinforced the E-cadherin-αEβ7 axis, crucial for intestinal barrier integrity and contributed to the localization of lymphocytes on the epithelium.

Keywords: CD103; Chitosan; E-cadherin; Intestine; lymphocytes.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigens, CD* / metabolism
  • Cadherins* / metabolism
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Movement / drug effects
  • Chitosan* / chemistry
  • Chitosan* / pharmacology
  • Integrin alpha Chains* / metabolism
  • Intestinal Mucosa* / drug effects
  • Intestinal Mucosa* / metabolism
  • Intestines / drug effects
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Rats
  • Signal Transduction* / drug effects
  • Toll-Like Receptor 4* / metabolism

Substances

  • Toll-Like Receptor 4
  • Chitosan
  • Cadherins
  • alpha E integrins
  • Integrin alpha Chains
  • Antigens, CD
  • Tlr4 protein, mouse